Sudo Development Releases

Current Development Release

The current development release of sudo is 1.8.29rc1.
Binary packages are also available for the development releases.

For full details see the ChangeLog file or view the commit history in mercurial.

If you plan to use a development release of sudo, please subscribe to the sudo-workers mailing list so that you will receive updates on bug fixes and related announcements. You may also be interested in the sudo-commits mailing list which receives a message for each commit to the sudo source tree.

Major changes between version 1.8.29rc1 and 1.8.28:

The cvtsudoers command will now reject non-LDIF input when converting from LDIF format to sudoers or JSON formats.
The new log_allowed and log_denied sudoers settings make it possible to disable logging and auditing of allowed and/or denied commands.
The umask is now handled differently on systems with PAM or login.conf. If the umask is explicitly set in sudoers, that value is used regardless of what PAM or login.conf may specify. However, if the umask is not explicitly set in sudoers, PAM or login.conf may now override the default sudoers umask. Bug #900.
For make install, the sudoers file is no longer checked for syntax errors when DESTDIR is set. The default sudoers file includes the contents of /etc/sudoers.d which may not be readable as non-root. Bug #902.
Sudo now sets most resource limits to their maximum value to avoid problems caused by insufficient resources, such as an inability to allocate memory or open files and pipes.
Fixed a regression introduced in sudo 1.8.28 where sudo would refuse to run if the parent process was not associated with a session. This was due to sudo passing a session ID of -1 to the plugin.

Major changes between version 1.8.28rc2 and 1.8.28rc1:

Fixed a bug where the terminal's file context was not restored when using SELinux RBAC. Bug #898.

Major changes between version 1.8.28rc1 and 1.8.28b3:

Sudo now writes PAM messages to the user's terminal, if available, instead of the standard output or standard error. This prevents PAM output from being intermixed with that of the command when output is sent to a file or pipe. Bug #895.
Sudoedit now honors the umask and umask_override settings in sudoers. Previously, the user's umask was used as-is.

Major changes between version 1.8.28b3 and 1.8.28b2:

Fixed a bug introduced in 1.8.24 that prevented sudo from honoring the value of ipa_hostname from sssd.conf, if specified, when matching the host name.
Fixed a bug introduced in 1.8.21 that prevented the core dump resource limit set in the pam_limits module from taking effect. Bug #894.
Fixed parsing of double-quoted Defaults group and netgroup bindings.
The user ID is now used when matching sudoUser attributes in LDAP. Previously, the user name, group name and group IDs were used when matching but not the user ID.

Major changes between version 1.8.28b2 and 1.8.28b1:

Asturian translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
I/O log timing files now store signal suspend and resume information in the form of a signal name instead of a number.

Major changes between version 1.8.28b1 and 1.8.27:

Sudo will now only set PAM_TTY to the empty string when no terminal is present on Solaris and Linux. This workaround is only needed on those systems which may have PAM modules that misbehave when PAM_TTY is not set.
The mailerflags sudoers option now has a default value even if sendmail support was disabled at configure time. Fixes a crash when the mailerpath sudoers option is set but mailerflags is not. Bug #878.
Sudo will now filter out last login messages on HP-UX unless it a shell is being run via sudo -s or sudo -i. Otherwise, when trusted mode is enabled, these messages will be displayed for each command.
On AIX, when the user's password has expired and PAM is not in use, sudo will now allow the user to change their password. Bug #883.
Sudo has a new -B command line option that will ring the terminal bell when prompting for a password.
Sudo no longer refuses to prompt for a password when it cannot determine the user's terminal as long as it can open /dev/tty. This allows sudo to function on systems where /proc is unavailable, such as when running in a chroot environment.
The env_editor sudoers flag is now on by default. This makes source builds more consistent with the packages generated by sudo's mkpkg script.
Sudo no longer ships with pre-formatted copies of the manual pages. These were included for systems like IRIX that don't ship with an nroff utility. There are now multiple Open Source nroff replacements so this should no longer be an issue.
Fixed a bad interaction with configure's --prefix and --disable-shared options. Bug #886.
More verbose error message when a password is required and no terminal is present. Bug #828.
Command tags, such as NOPASSWD, are honored when a user tries to run a command that is allowed by sudoers but which does not actually exist on the file system. Bug #888.

Major changes between version 1.8.27b2 and 1.8.27b1:

Sudo now sets the silent flag when opening the PAM session except when running a shell via sudo -s or sudo -i. This prevents the pam_lastlog module from printing the last login information for each sudo command. Bug #867.
Fixed the default AIX hard resource limit for the maximum number of files a user may have open. If no hard limit for nofiles is explicitly set in /etc/security/limits, the default should be unlimited. Previously, the default hard limit was 8196.

Major changes between version 1.8.27b1 and 1.8.26:

On HP-UX, sudo will now update the utmps file when running a command in a pseudo-tty. Previously, only the utmp and utmpx files were updated.
Nanosecond precision file time stamps are now supported on HP-UX.
Fixes and clarifications to the sudo plugin documentation.
The sudo manuals no longer require extensive post-processing to hide system-specific features. Conditionals in the roff source are now used instead. This fixes corruption of the sudo manual on systems without BSD login classes. Bug #861.
If an I/O logging plugin is configured but the plugin does not actually log any I/O, sudo will no longer force the command to be run in a pseudo-tty.
The fix for bug #843 in sudo 1.8.24 was incomplete. If the user's password was expired or needed to be updated, but no sudo password was required, the PAM handle was freed too early, resulting in a failure when processing PAM session modules.
In visudo, it is now possible to specify the path to sudoers without using the -f option. Bug #864.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.22 where the utmp (or utmpx) file would not be updated when a command was run in a pseudo-tty. Bug #865.

Major changes between version 1.8.26rc1 and 1.8.26b2:

Sudo now includes sudoers LDAP schema for the on-line configuration supported by OpenLDAP.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.26b2 and 1.8.26b1:

Sudo now provides a proper error message when the "fqdn" sudoers option is set and it is unable to resolve the local host name. Bug #859.
Portuguese translation for sudo and sudoers from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.26b1 and 1.8.25p1:

Fixed a bug in cvtsudoers when converting to JSON format when alias expansion is enabled. Bug #853.
Sudo no long sets the USERNAME environment variable when running commands. This is a non-standard environment variable that was set on some older Linux systems.
Sudo now treats the LOGNAME and USER environment variables (as well as the LOGIN variable on AIX) as a single unit. If one is preserved or removed from the environment using env_keep, env_check or env_delete, so is the other.
Added support for OpenLDAP's TLS_REQCERT setting in ldap.conf.
Sudo now logs when the command was suspended and resumed in the I/O logs. This information is used by sudoreplay to skip the time suspended when replaying the session unless the new -S flag is used.
Fixed documentation problems found by the igor utility. Bug #854.
Sudo now prints a warning message when there is an error or end of file while reading the password instead of exiting silently.
Fixed a bug in the sudoers LDAP back-end parsing the command_timeout, role, type, privs and limitprivs sudoOptions. This also affected cvtsudoers conversion from LDIF to sudoers or JSON.
Fixed a bug that prevented timeout settings in sudoers from functioning unless a timeout was also specified on the command line.
Asturian translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
When generating LDIF output, cvtsudoers can now be configured to pad the sudoOrder increment such that the start order is used as a prefix. Bug #856.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.25 that prevented sudo from properly setting the user's groups on AIX. Bug #857.
If the user specifies a group via sudo's -g option that matches any of the target user's groups, it is now allowed even if no groups are present in the Runas_Spec. Previously, it was only allowed if it matched the target user's primary group.
The sudoers LDAP back-end now supports negated sudoRunAsUser and sudoRunAsGroup entries.

Major changes between version 1.8.25rc1 and 1.8.25b2:

Fixed a regression introduced in sudo 1.8.24 where the LDAP and SSSD backends evaluated the rules in reverse sudoOrder. Bug #849.

Major changes between version 1.8.25b2 and 1.8.25b1:

Sudo now sets the LOGIN environment variable to the same value as LOGNAME on AIX systems. Bug #848.
I/O log delay values are now parsed with nanosecond precision without relying on floating point representation.

Major changes between version 1.8.25b1 and 1.8.24:

Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.20 that broke formatting of I/O log timing file entries on systems without a C99-compatible snprintf() function. Our replacement snprintf() doesn't support floating point so we can't use the %f format directive.
I/O log timing file entries now use a monotonic timer and include nanosecond precision. A monotonic timer that does not increment while the system is sleeping is used where available.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.24 where sudoNotAfter in the LDAP backend was not being properly parsed. Bug #845.
When sudo runs a command in a pseudo-tty, the slave device is now closed in the main process immediately after starting the monitor process. This removes the need for an AIX-specific workaround that was added in sudo 1.8.24.
Added support for monotonic timers on HP-UX.
Fixed a bug displaying timeout values the "sudo -V" output. The value displayed was 3600 times the actual value. Bug #846.
Fixed a build issue on AIX 7.1 BOS levels that include memset_s() and define rsize_t in string.h. Bug #847.
The testsudoers utility now supports querying an LDIF-format policy.

Major changes between version 1.8.24rc1 and 1.8.24b4:

Fixed an ambiguity in the sudoers manual in the description and definition of User, Runas, Host, and Cmnd Aliases. Bug #834.
Fixed a bug that resulted in only the first window size change event being logged.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.24b4 and 1.8.24b3:

Fixed a compilation warning on FreeBSD.
Refactored the code that converts a Defaults list to command tags. The LDAP and SSSD backends now always store sudoOptions in a per-privilege Defaults list which are converted to tags for sudo -l at output time.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.24b3 and 1.8.24b2:

Fixed a regression that prevented sudoOption attributes in a sudoRole with a sudoCommand from taking effect.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.24b2 and 1.8.24b1:

Fixed a race condition when building with parallel make. Bug #842.
Fixed a duplicate free when netgroup_base in ldap.conf is set to an invalid value.
Fixed a group lookup bug on Linux introduced in sudo 1.8.24b1.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.23 on AIX that could prevent local users and groups from being resolved properly on systems that have users stored in NIS, LDAP or AD.
Added a workaround for an AIX bug exposed by a change in sudo 1.8.23 that prevents the terminal mode from being restored when I/O logging is enabled.
On systems using PAM, sudo now ignores the PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD and PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED errors from PAM account management if authentication is disabled for the user. This fixes a regression introduced in sudo 1.8.23. Bug #843.

Major changes between version 1.8.24b1 and 1.8.23:

The LDAP and SSS back-ends now use the same rule evaluation code as the sudoers file backend. This builds on the work in sudo 1.8.23 where the formatting functions for sudo -l output were shared. The handling of negated commands in SSS and LDAP is unchanged.
Fixed a regression introduced in 1.8.23 where sudo -i could not be used in conjunction with --preserve-env=VARIABLE. Bug #835.
cvtsudoers can now parse base64-encoded attributes in LDIF files.
Random insults are now more random.
Fixed the noexec wordexp(3) test on FreeBSD.
Added SUDO_CONV_PREFER_TTY flag for conversation function to tell sudo to try writing to /dev/tty first. Can be used in conjunction with SUDO_CONV_INFO_MSG and SUDO_CONV_ERROR_MSG.
Sudo now supports an arbitrary number of groups per user on Solaris. Previously, only the first 64 groups were found. This should remove the need to set max_groups in sudo.conf.
Fixed typos in the OpenLDAP sudo schema. Bugs #839 and #840. Bug #839 and bug #840.

Major changes between version 1.8.23rc2 and 1.8.23rc1:

Fixed the execution of scripts with an associated digest (checksum) in sudoers on FreeBSD systems. FreeBSD does not have a full /dev/fd directory mounted by default and its fexecve(2) is not fully POSIX compliant when executing scripts. Bug #831.
Chinese (Taiwan) translation for sudo from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.23rc1 and 1.8.23b4:

Sudo now includes an optional set of Monty Python-inspired insults.
Fixed a minor memory leak discovered with address sanitizer.
Manual page updates.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Fixed a hang in cvtsudoers converting LDIF input when the -b option was specified.

Major changes between version 1.8.23b4 and 1.8.23b3:

Fixes for cvtsudoers bugs exposed by the new cvtsudoers regression tests.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.23b3 and 1.8.23b2:

The cvtsudoers utility now supports setting defaults types and the suppression list in its config file.
The cvtsudoers utility has a new -p option to prune non-matching entries from the output when the -m option is also used.
Fixed a problem with the process start time test in make check when run in a Linux container. The test now uses the "btime" field in /proc/stat to get the system start time instead of using /proc/uptime, which is the container uptime. Bug #829.
Sudoedit now checks the writability of a temporary directory before using it. For example, if /var/tmp is not writable but /tmp is, then /tmp will be used.
If the cvtsudoers utility is given the -d option, any aliases used by Defaults entries that are not being converted are omitted from the output if they are otherwise unused.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.23b2 and 1.8.23b1:

Fixed a bug on some systems where sudo could hang on command exit when I/O logging was enabled. Bug #826.
The cvtsudoers utility has gained an option to control what type of Defaults entries are translated.
The sudoers.ldap manual now has a section on converting from file-based sudoers to LDAP-based.

Major changes between version 1.8.23b1 and 1.8.22:

PAM account management modules and BSD auto approval modules are now run even when no password is required.
For kernel-based time stamps, if no terminal is present, fall back to parent-pid style time stamps.
The new cvtsudoers utility replaces both the sudoers2ldif script and the visudo -x functionality. It can read a file in either sudoers or LDIF format and produce JSON, LDIF or sudoers output. It is also possible to filter the generated output file by user, group or host name.
The file, ldap and sss sudoers backends now share a common set of formatting functions for sudo -l output, which is also used by the cvtsudoers utility.
The /run directory is now used in preference to /var/run if it exists. Bug #822.
More accurate descriptions of the --with-rundir and --with-vardir configure options. Bug #823.
The setpassent() and setgroupent() functions are now used on systems that support them to keep the passwd and group database open. Sudo performs a lot of passwd and group lookups so it can be beneficial to avoid opening and closing the files each time.
The new case_insensitive_user and case_insensitive_group sudoers options can be used to control whether sudo does case-sensitive matching of users and groups in sudoers. Case insensitive matching is now the default.

Major changes between version 1.8.22rc1 and 1.8.22b3:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Sudo now includes a utility to dump time stamp files. It is not currently built by default.

Major changes between version 1.8.22b3 and 1.8.22b2:

The sudoers time stamp file format is now documented in the new sudoers_timestamp manual.
The timestamp_type option now takes a kernel value on OpenBSD systems. This causes the tty-based time stamp to be stored in the kernel instead of on the file system. If no tty is present, the time stamp is considered to be invalid.
Visudo will now use the SUDO_EDITOR environment variable (if present) in addition to VISUAL and EDITOR.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.22b2 and 1.8.22b1:

A new authfail_message sudoers option that overrides the default N incorrect password attempt(s).
An empty sudoRunAsUser attribute in the LDAP and SSSD backends will now match the invoking user. This is more consistent with how an empty runas user in the sudoers file is treated.
Documented that in check mode, visudo does not check the owner/mode on files specified with the -f flag. Bug #809.
It is now an error to specify the runas user as an empty string on the command line. Previously, an empty runas user was treated the same as an unspecified runas user. Bug #817.
When timestamp_type option is set to tty and a terminal is present, the time stamp record will now include the start time of the session leader. When the timestamp_type option is set to ppid or when no terminal is available, the start time of the parent process is used instead. This significantly reduces the likelihood of a time stamp record being re-used when a user logs out and back in again. Bug #818.

Major changes between version 1.8.22b1 and 1.8.21p2:

Commands run in the background from a script run via sudo will no longer receive SIGHUP when the parent exits and I/O logging is enabled. Bug #502.
A particularly offensive insult is now disabled by default. Bug #804.
The description of sudo -i now correctly documents that the env_keep and env_check sudoers options are applied to the environment. Bug #806.
Fixed a crash when the system's host name is not set. Bug #807.
The sudoers2ldif script now handles #include and #includedir directives.
Fixed a bug where sudo would silently exit when the command was not allowed by sudoers and the passwd_tries sudoers option was set to a value less than one.
Fixed a bug with the listpw and verifypw sudoers options and multiple sudoers sources. If the option is set to all a password should be required unless none of a user's sudoers entries from any source require authentication.
Fixed a bug with the listpw and verifypw sudoers options in the LDAP and SSSD back-ends. If the option is set to any and the entry contained multiple rules, only the first matching rule was checked. If an entry contained more than one matching rule and the first rule required authentication but a subsequent rule did not, sudo would prompt for a password when it should not have.
When running a command as the invoking user (not root), sudo would execute the command with the same group vector it was started with. Sudo now executes the command with a new group vector based on the group database which is consistent with how su(1) operates.
Fixed a double free in the SSSD back-end that could occur when ipa_hostname is present in sssd.conf and is set to an unqualified host name.
When I/O logging is enabled, sudo will now write to the terminal even when it is a background process. Previously, sudo would only write to the tty when it was the foreground process when I/O logging was enabled. If the TOSTOP terminal flag is set, sudo will suspend the command (and then itself) with the SIGTTOU signal.

Major changes between version 1.8.21rc1 and 1.8.21b3:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.21b3 and 1.8.21b2:

A new Friulian translation from translationproject.org.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.21b2 and 1.8.21b1:

A new timestamp_type sudoers setting has been added that replaces the tty_tickets option. In addition to tty and global time stamp records, it is now possible to use the parent process ID to restrict the time stamp to commands run by the same process, usually the shell. Bug #793.
The --preserve-env command line option has been extended to accept a comma-separated list of environment variables to preserve.

Major changes between version 1.8.21b1 and 1.8.20p2:

The path that sudo uses to search for terminal devices can now be configured via the new devsearch Path setting in sudo.conf.
It is now possible to preserve bash shell functions in the environment when the "env_reset" sudoers setting is disabled by removing the "*=()*" pattern from the env_delete list.
A change made in sudo 1.8.15 inadvertantly caused sudoedit to send itself SIGHUP instead of exiting when the editor returns an error or the file was not modified.
Sudoedit now uses an exit code of zero if the file was not actually modified. Previously, sudoedit treated a lack of modifications as an error.
When running a command in a pseudo-tty (pty), sudo now copies a subset of the terminal flags to the new pty. Previously, all flags were copied, even those not appropriate for a pty.
Fixed a problem with debug logging in the sudoers I/O logging plugin.
Window size change events are now logged to the policy plugin. On xterm and compatible terminals, sudoreplay is now capable of resizing the terminal to match the size of the terminal the command was run on. The new -R option can be used to disable terminal resizing.
Fixed a bug in visudo where a newly added file was not checked for syntax errors. Bug #791.
Fixed a bug in visudo where if a syntax error in an include directory (like /etc/sudoers.d) was detected, the edited version was left as a temporary file instead of being installed.
On PAM systems, sudo will now treat "username's Password:" as a standard password prompt. As a result, the SUDO_PROMPT environment variable will now override "username's Password:" as well as the more common "Password:". Previously, the "passprompt_override" Defaults setting would need to be set for SUDO_PROMPT to override a prompt of "username's Password:".
A new "syslog_pid" sudoers setting has been added to include sudo's process ID along with the process name when logging via syslog. Bug #792.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.18 where a command would not be terminated when the I/O logging plugin returned an error to the sudo front-end.

Major changes between version 1.8.20rc3 and 1.8.20rc2:

Fixed some minor coverity warnings.
Updated Hungarian translation from translationproject.org.
Fixed a regression introduced in sudo 1.8.18 where the lecture option could not be used in a positive boolean context, only a negative one.
Fixed an issue where sudo would consume stdin if it was not connected to a tty even if log_input is not enabled in sudoers. Bug #786.

Major changes between version 1.8.20rc2 and 1.8.20rc1:

Fixed exponential behavior in sudo's glob() replacement with respect to multiple '*' characters.
Sudo no longer needs to display a message when a command running in a pseudo-tty is killed by a signal. Now that the main sudo process delivers the same signal to itself the parent shell will display the message itself.

Major changes between version 1.8.20rc1 and 1.8.20b2:

Fixed a typo that resulted in a compilation error on systems where the killpg() function is not found by configure.
Fixed a compilation error with the bundled version of zlib when sudo was built outside the source tree.
Fixed the exit value of sudo when the command is terminated by a signal other than SIGINT. This was broken in sudo 1.8.15 by the fix for Bug #722. Bug #784.

Major changes between version 1.8.20b2 and 1.8.20b1:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Fixed a use after free bug in the SSSD backend when the fqdn sudoOption is set and no hostname value is present in sssd.conf.

Major changes between version 1.8.20b1 and 1.8.19p2:

Added support for SASL_MECH in ldap.conf. Bug #764.
Added support for digest matching when the command is a glob-style pattern or a directory. Previously, only explicit path matches supported digest checks.
New "fdexec" Defaults option to control whether a command is executed by path or by open file descriptor.
The embedded copy of zlib has been upgraded to version 1.2.11.
Fixed a bug that prevented sudoers include files with a relative path starting with the letter 'i' from being opened. Bug #776.
Added support for command timeouts in sudoers. The command will be terminated if the timeout expires.
The SELinux role and type are now displayed in the sudo -l output for the LDAP and SSSD backends, just as they are in the sudoers backend.
A new command line option, -T, can be used to specify a command timeout as long as the user-specified timeout is not longer than the timeout specified in sudoers. This option may only be used when the "user_command_timeouts" flag is enabled in sudoers.
Added NOTBEFORE and NOTAFTER command options to the sudoers backend similar to what is already available in the LDAP backend.
Sudo can now optionally use the SHA2 functions in OpenSSL or GNU crypt instead of the SHA2 implementation bundled with sudo.
Fixed a compilation error on systems without the stdbool.h header file. Bug #778.
Fixed a compilation error in the standalone Kerberos V authentication module. Bug #777.
Added the iolog_flush flag to sudoers which causes I/O log data to be written immediately to disk instead of being buffered.
I/O log files are now created with group ID 0 by default unless the "iolog_user" or "iolog_group" options are set in sudoers.
It is now possible to store I/O log files on an NFS-mounted file system where uid 0 is remapped to an unprivileged user. The "iolog_user" option must be set to a non-root user and the top-level I/O log directory must exist and be owned by that user.
Added the restricted_env_file setting to sudoers which is similar to env_file but its contents are subject to the same restrictions as variables in the invoking user's environment.

Major changes between version 1.8.19b2 and 1.8.19b1:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Sudoreplay can now display the stdin and ttyin streams when they are explicitly added to the filter list.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.17 where the "all" setting for verifypw and listpw was not being honored. Bug #762.
The syslog priority (syslog_goodpri and syslog_badpri) can now be negated or set to none to disable logging of successful or unsuccessful sudo attempts via syslog.

Major changes between version 1.8.19b1 and 1.8.18p1:

New syslog_maxlen Defaults option to control the maximum size of syslog messages generated by sudo.
Sudo has been run against PVS-Studio and any issues that were not false positives have been addressed.
I/O log files are now created same group ID as the parent directory and not the invoking user's group ID.
I/O log permissions and ownership are now configurable via the iolog_mode, iolog_user and iolog_group sudoers Defaults variables.
Fixed configuration of the sudoers I/O log plugin debug subsystem. Previously, I/O log information was not being written to the sudoers debug log.
Fixed a bug in visudo that broke editing of files in an include dir that have a syntax error. Normally, visudo does not edit those files, but if a syntax error is detected in one, the user should get a chance to fix it.
Warnings about unknown or unparsable sudoers Defaults entries now include the file and line number of the problem.
Visudo will now use the file and line number information about an unknown or unparsable Defaults entry to go directly to the file with the problem.
Fix a bug in the sudoers LDAP back-end where a negated sudoHost entry would prevent other sudoHost entries following it from matching.
Warnings from visudo about a cycle in an Alias entry now include the file and line number of the problem.
In strict mode, visudo will now use the file and line number information about a cycle in an Alias entry to go directly to the file with the problem.
The sudo_noexec.so file is now linked with -ldl on systems that require it for the wordexp() wrapper.
Fixed linking of sudo_noexec.so on macOS systems where it must be a dynamic library and not a module.
Sudo's "make check" now includes a test for sudo_noexec.so working.
The sudo front-end now passes the user's umask to the plugin. Previously the plugin had to determine this itself.

Major changes between version 1.8.18rc4 and 1.8.18rc3:

Fixed an underflow introduced in 1.8.17 when trimming trailing whitespace from the ipa hostname in the SSSD backend.
Fixed matching entries in the LDAP and SSSD backends when a RunAsGroup is specified but no RunAsUser is present.
Fixed sudo -l output in the LDAP and SSSD backends when a RunAsGroup is specified but no RunAsUser is present.

Major changes between version 1.8.18rc3 and 1.8.18rc2:

Fixed a memory leak when the getdomainname(2) function fails.
Negated sudoHost attributes are now supported by the LDAP and SSSD backends.

Major changes between version 1.8.18rc2 and 1.8.18rc1:

Fixed a typo that broke short host name matching when the fqdn flag is enabled in sudoers. Bug #757.
Fixed a bug introduced in 1.8.18 that caused a hang when running a command in a pty when a stop signal was not always passed to the parent.

Major changes between version 1.8.18rc1 and 1.8.18b4:

Fixed a potential crash when auditing is enabled and the audit function fails with an error. Bug #756.
Norwegian Nynorsk translation for sudo from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.18b4 and 1.8.18b3:

Fixed a bug on Linux where a 32-bit sudo binary could fail with an "unable to allocate memory" error when run on a 64-bit system. Bug #755.
When parsing ldap.conf, sudo will now only treat a '#' character as the start of a comment when it is at the beginning of the line.
Fixed sudo's exit value when execution of the command fails.

Major changes between version 1.8.18b3 and 1.8.18b2:

Fixed a bug where sudo -l command would indicate that a command was runnable even when denied by sudoers when using the LDAP or SSSD backends.
The match_group_by_gid Defaults option has been added to allow sites where group name resolution is slow and where sudoers only contains a small number of groups to match groups by group ID instead of by group name.

Major changes between version 1.8.18b2 and 1.8.18b1:

Fixed a use-after-free bug in visudo introduced in sudo 1.8.18b1.
Fixed a bug introduced in 1.8.17 where the SIGPIPE signal handler was not being restored when sudo directly executes the command.

Major changes between version 1.8.18b1 and 1.8.17p1:

The sudoers locale is now set before parsing the sudoers file. If sudoers_locale is set in sudoers, it is applied before evaluating other Defaults entries. Previously, sudoers_locale was used when evaluating sudoers but not during the inital parse. Bug #748.
A missing or otherwise invalid #includedir is now ignored instead of causing a parse error.
During "make install", backup files are only used on HP-UX where it is not possible to unlink a shared object that is in use. This works around a bug in ldconfig on Linux which could create links to the backup shared library file instead of the current one.
Fixed a bug introduced in 1.8.17 where sudoers entries with long commands lines could be truncated, preventing a match. Bug #752.
The fqdn, runas_default and sudoers_locale Defaults settings are now applied before any other Defaults settings since they can change how other Defaults settings are parsed.
On systems without the O_NOFOLLOW open(2) flag, when the NOFOLLOW flag is set, sudoedit now checks whether the file is a symbolic link before opening it as well as after the open. Bug #753.
Sudo will now only resolve a user's group IDs to group names when sudoers includes group-based permissions. Group lookups can be expensive on some systems where the group database is not local.
If the file system holding the sudo log file is full, allow the command to run unless the new ignore_logfile_errors Defaults option is disabled. Bug #751.
The ignore_audit_errors and ignore_iolog_errors Defaults options have been added to control sudo's behavior when it is unable to write to the audit and I/O logs.

Major changes between version 1.8.17rc1 and 1.8.17b4:

Fixed a hang on some systems when the command is being run in a pty and it failed to execute.
When performing a wildcard match in sudoers, check for an exact string match if the user command was fully-qualified (or resolved via the PATH). This fixes an issue executing scripts on Linux when there are multiple wildcard matches with the same base name. Bug #746.

Major changes between version 1.8.17b4 and 1.8.17b3:

Documentation fixes.
The sssd backend now properly handles "sudo -U otheruser -l"
The sssd backend now uses the value of "ipa_hostname" from sssd.conf, if specified.

Major changes between version 1.8.17b3 and 1.8.17b2:

Fixed a crash on glibc systems when printing an error message.

Major changes between version 1.8.17b2 and 1.8.17b1:

Forward slashes are no longer escaped in the JSON output of "visudo -x". This was never required by the standard and not escaping them improves readability of the output.
Sudo no longer treats PAM_SESSION_ERR as a fatal error when opening the PAM session. Other errors from pam_open_session() are still treated as fatal. This avoids the "policy plugin failed session initialization" error message seen on some systems.
Korean translation for sudo and sudoers from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.17b1 and 1.8.16:

On AIX, if /etc/security/login.cfg has auth_type set to PAM_AUTH but pam_start(3) fails, fall back to AIX authentication. Bug #740.
Sudo now takes all sudoers sources into account when determining whether or not "sudo -l" or "sudo -b" should prompt for a password. In other words, if both file and ldap sudoers sources are in specified in /etc/nsswitch.conf, "sudo -v" will now require that all entries in both sources be have NOPASSWD (file) or !authenticate (ldap) in the entries.
Sudo now ignores SIGPIPE until the command is executed. Previously, SIGPIPE was only ignored in a few select places. Bug #739.
Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.14 where (non-syslog) log file entries were missing the newline when loglinelen is set to a non-positive number. Bug #742.
Unix groups are now set before the plugin session intialization code is run. This makes it possible to use dynamic groups with the Linux-PAM pam_group module.
Fixed a bug where a debugging statement could dereference a NULL pointer when looking up a group that doesn't exist Bug #743.
Sudo has been run through the Coverity code scanner. A number of minor bugs have been fixed as a result. None were security issues.
SELinux support, which was broken in 1.8.16, has been repaired.
Fixed a bug when logging I/O where all output buffers might not get flushed at exit.

Major changes between version 1.8.16rc1 and 1.8.16b2:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
The PAM conversation function now works around an ambiguity in the PAM spec with respect to multiple messages. Bug #726.

Major changes between version 1.8.16b2 and 1.8.16b1:

Fixed a compilation error on systems that have the posix_spawn() and posix_spawnp() functions but an unusable spawn.h header. Bug #730.
Fixed support for negating character classes in sudo's version of the fnmatch() function.
Fixed a bug in the LDAP and SSSD backends that could allow an unauthorized user to list another user's privileges. Bug #738.

Major changes between version 1.8.16b1 and 1.8.15:

Fixed a compilation error on Solaris 10 with Stun Studio 12. Bug #727.
When preserving variables from the invoking user's environment, if there are duplicates sudo now only keeps the first instance.
Fixed a bug that could cause warning mail to be sent in list mode (sudo -l) for users without sudo privileges when the LDAP and sssd backends are used.
Fixed a bug that prevented the "mail_no_user" option from working properly with the LDAP backend.
In the LDAP and sssd backends, white space is now ignored between an operator (!, +, +=, -=) when parsing a sudoOption.
It is now possible to disable Path settings in sudo.conf by omitting the path name.
The sudoedit_checkdir Defaults option is now enabled by default and has been extended. When editing files with sudoedit, each directory in the path to be edited is now checked. If a directory is writable by the invoking user, symbolic links will not be followed. If the parent directory of the file to be edited is writable, sudoedit will refuse to edit it. Bug #707.
The netgroup_tuple Defaults option has been added to enable matching of the entire netgroup tuple, not just the host or user portion. Bug #717.
When matching commands based on the SHA2 digest, sudo will now use fexecve(2) to execute the command if it is available. This fixes a time of check versus time of use race condition when the directory holding the command is writable by the invoking user.
On AIX systems, sudo now caches the auth registry string along with password and group information. This fixes a potential problem when a user or group of the same name exists in multiple auth registries. For example, local and LDAP.
Fixed a crash in the SSSD backend when the invoking user is not found. Bug #732.
Added the --enable-asan configure flag to enable address sanitizer support. A few minor memory leaks have been plugged to quiet the ASAN leak detector.
The value of _PATH_SUDO_CONF may once again be overridden via Bug #735.
The sudoers2ldif script now handles multiple roles with same name.

Major changes between version 1.8.15rc3 and 1.8.15rc2:

Added the sudoedit_checkdir Defaults option to prevent sudoedit from editing files located in a directory that is writable by the invoking user.
Added the always_query_group_plugin Defaults option to control whether groups not found in the system group database are passed to the group plugin. Previously, unknown system groups were always passed to the group plugin.
When creating a new file, sudoedit will now check that the file's parent directory exists before running the editor.

Major changes between version 1.8.15rc2 and 1.8.15rc1:

Slovak translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
Hungarian and Slovak translations for sudoers from translationproject.org.
SIA authentication on Tru64 Unix now uses the conversaton function when prompting for a password.
Previously, when env_reset was enabled (the default) and the -s option was not used, the SHELL environment variable was set to the shell of the invoking user. Now, when env_reset is enabled and the -s option is not used, SHELL is set based on the target user.
Fixed challenge/response style BSD authentication.

Major changes between version 1.8.15rc1 and 1.8.15b5:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Documentation fixes.
Debugging now works as expected inside the conversation function.
The popen(3) and system(3) functions are now directly blocked by sudo_noexec.so instead of relying on blocking of the underlying execve(2) system call.

Major changes between version 1.8.15b5 and 1.8.15b4:

If some, but not all, of the LOGNAME, USER or USERNAME environment variables have been preserved from the invoking user's environment, sudo will now use the preserved value to set the remaining variables instead of using the runas user. This ensures that if, for example, only LOGNAME is present in the env_keep list, that sudo will not set USER and USERNAME to the runas user.
When the command sudo is running dies due to a signal, sudo will now send itself that same signal with the default signal handler installed instead of exiting. The bash shell appears to ignore some signals, e.g. SIGINT, unless the command being run is killed by that signal. This makes the behavior of commands run under sudo the same as without sudo when bash is the shell. Bug #722.

Major changes between version 1.8.15b4 and 1.8.15b3:

The callback is now passed correctly to the PAM conversation function. This allows the on_suspend and on_resume functions to be called on system using PAM.
Fixed "sudo -k" on Solaris and probably other systems where the size of off_t and size_t are different.

Major changes between version 1.8.15b3 and 1.8.15b2:

Fixed a potential double free introduced in 1.8.15b1 when sudo is suspended at the password prompt.

Major changes between version 1.8.15b2 and 1.8.15b1:

Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.14 that prevented visudo from re-editing the correct file when a syntax error was detected.
Fixed a bug where sudo would not relay a SIGHUP signal to the command when the terminal is closed and the command is not run in its own pseudo-tty. Bug #719.

Major changes between version 1.8.15b1 and 1.8.14p3:

Fixed a bug that prevented sudo from building outside the source tree on some platforms. Bug #708.
Fixed the location of the sssd library in the RHEL/Centos packages. Bug #710.
Fixed a build problem on systems that don't implicitly include sys/types.h from other header files. Bug #711.
Fixed a problem on Linux using containers where sudo would ignore signals sent by a process in a different container.
Sudo now refuses to run a command if the PAM session module returns an error.
When editing files with sudoedit, symbolic links will no longer be followed by default. The old behavior can be restored by enabling the sudoedit_follow option in sudoers or on a per-command basis with the FOLLOW and NOFOLLOW tags. Bug #707.
Fixed a bug introduced in version 1.8.14 that caused the last valid editor in the sudoers "editor" list to be used by visudo and sudoedit instead of the first. Bug #714.
Fixed a bug in visudo that prevented the addition of a final newline to edited files without one.
Fixed a bug decoding certain base64 digests in sudoers when the intermediate format included a '=' character.
Individual records are now locked in the time stamp file instead of the entire file. This allows sudo to avoid prompting for a password multiple times on the same terminal when used in a pipeline. In other words, "sudo cat foo | sudo grep bar" now only prompts for the password once. Previously, both sudo processes would prompt for a password, often making it impossible to enter.
Fixed a bug where sudo would fail to run commands as a non-root user on systems that lack both setresuid() and setreuid(). Bug #713.

Major changes between version 1.8.14rc1 and 1.8.14b4:

Minor documentation improvements.
Fixed a bug which prevented dlerror() from returning an error message when there was a dynamic loading failure.
Added debug logging when there was a memory allocation failure and a warnings is not displayed.

Major changes between version 1.8.14b4 and 1.8.14b3:

Fixed a bug that prevented the btime entry in /proc/stat from being parsed on Linux.
Updated Debian/Ubuntu packages to be more like the vendor ones. One notable exception is that sudo.ws packages use /var/run, not /var/lib for timestamp files.
Include resolv.h on systems where the inet_pton() and inet_ntop() functions are in libresolv.

Major changes between version 1.8.14b3 and 1.8.14b2:

Double-quoted values in an LDAP sudoOption are now supported for consistency with file-based sudoers.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.14b2 and 1.8.14b1:

Fixed a typo in an error message.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.14b1 and 1.8.13:

Log messages on Mac OS X now respect sudoers_locale when sudo is build with NLS support.
The sudo manual pages now pass "mandoc -Tlint" with no warnings.
Fixed a compilation problem on systems with the sig2str() function that do not define SIG2STR_MAX in signal.h.
Worked around a compiler bug that resulted in unexpected behavior when returning an int from a function declared to return bool without an explicit cast.
Worked around a bug in Mac OS X 10.10 BSD auditing where the au_preselect() fails for AUE_sudo events but succeeds for AUE_DARWIN_sudo.
Fixed a hang on Linux systems with glibc when sudo is linked with jemalloc.
When the user runs a command as a user ID that is not present in the password database via the -u flag, the command is now run with the group ID of the invoking user instead of group ID 0.
Fixed a compilation problem on systems that don't pull in definitions of uid_t and gid_t without sys/types.h or unistd.h.
Fixed a compilation problem on newer AIX systems which use a struct st_timespec for time stamps in struct stat that differs from struct timespec.
The example directory is now configurable via --with-exampledir and defaults to DATAROOTDIR/examples/sudo on BSD systems.
The /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sudo.conf file is now installed as part of "make install" when systemd is in use.
Fixed a linker problem on some systems with libintl. Bug #690.
Fixed compilation with compilers that don't support __func__ or __FUNCTION__.
Sudo no longer needs to uses weak symbols to support localization in the warning functions. A registration function is used instead.
Fixed a setresuid() failure in sudoers on Linux kernels where uid changes take the nproc resource limit into account.
Fixed LDAP netgroup queries on AIX.
Sudo will now display the custom prompt on Linux systems with PAM even if the "Password: " prompt is not localized by the PAM module. Bug #701.

Major changes between version 1.8.13rc2 and 1.8.13rc1:

For sudoedit, run the editor with the user's original environment as per the documentation (and as in sudo 1.7.x). Bug #688.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.13rc1 and 1.8.13b4:

Fixed a compilation problem with sha2.c on some platforms.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.13b4 and 1.8.13b3:

Fixed a symbol name collision with systems that have their own sha2 implementation. This fixes a problem where PAM could use the wrong sha2 implementation on Solaris systems configured to use SHA512 for passwords.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Added --disable-weak-symbols configure option to disable the use of weak symbols in libsudo_util.

Major changes between version 1.8.13b3 and 1.8.13b2:

Fixed a typo that prevented the SIGPIPE handler from being restored before returning from tgetpass().
Fixed the logic for verifypw/listpw all in sudoers LDAP and sssd.
Sudo now uses futimens() and utimensat() instead of futimes() and utimes().

Major changes between version 1.8.13b2 and 1.8.13b1:

Updated sudo's snprintf() replacement for C99.
On AIX, the value of auth_type in /etc/security/login.cfg is used to determine whether to use LAM or PAM unless either the --with-pam or --with-aixauth configure flags were specified.
Fixed a "PAM conversation error" message on AIX when the user presses ^C at the Password: prompt.
Sudo now checks the return value of the clock_gettime() function and falls back to gettimeofday() if the former fails.

Major changes between version 1.8.13b1 and 1.8.12:

The examples directory is now a subdirectory of the doc dir to conform to Debian guidelines. Bug #682.
Fixed a compilation error for siglist.c and signame.c on some systems. Bug #686.
Weak symbols are now used for sudo_warn_gettext() and sudo_warn_strerror() in libsudo_util to avoid link errors when -Wl,--no-undefined is used in LDFLAGS.
Fixed a bug in sudo's mkstemps() replacement function that prevented the file extension from being preserved in sudoedit.
A new mail_all_cmnds sudoers flag will send mail when a user runs a command (or tries to). The behavior of the mail_always flag has been restored to always send mail when sudo is run.
New MAIL and NOMAIL command tags have been added to toggle mail sending behavior on a per-command (or Cmnd_Alias) basis.
Fixed matching of empty passwords when sudo is configured to use passwd (or shadow) file authentication on systems where the crypt() function returns NULL for invalid salts.

Major changes between version 1.8.12rc1 and 1.8.12b3:

Fixed a crash when sudo is run with an empty argument vector.
Fixed two potential crashes when sudo is run with very low resource limits.
The TZ environment variable is now checked for safety instead of simply being copied to the environment of the command.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.12rc1 and 1.8.12b3:

Removed a limit on the length of command line arguments expanded by a wild card using sudo's version of the fnmatch() function. This limit was introduced when sudo's version of fnmatch() was replaced in sudo 1.8.4.
LDAP-based sudoers can now query an LDAP server for a user's netgroups directly. This is often much faster than fetching every sudoRole object containing a sudoUser that begins with a `+' prefix and checking whether the user is a member of any of the returned netgroups.
The mail_always sudoers option no longer sends mail for sudo -l or sudo -v unless the user is unable to authenticate themselves.
The NIS domain name is now retrieved correctly on Solaris when netgroups are in use.

Major changes between version 1.8.12b3 and 1.8.12b2:

French translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
Sudo now installs a handler for SIGCHLD signal handler immediately before stating the process that will execute the command (or start the monitor). The handler used to be installed earlier but this causes problems with poorly behaved PAM modules that install their own SIGCHLD signal handler and neglect to restore sudo's original handler. Bug #657.
The sudoers parser now enforces the restriction that command digests may only be specified for an actual path name. This avoid a potential crash in the parser.

Major changes between version 1.8.12b2 and 1.8.12b1:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Fixed a problem introduced in sudo 1.8.8 that prevented the full host name from being used when the fqdn sudoers option is used. Bug #678.
Visudo will now use the optional sudoers_file, sudoers_mode, sudoers_uid and sudoers_gid arguments if specified on the sudoers.so Plugin line in the sudo.conf file.

Major changes between version 1.8.12b1 and 1.8.11p2:

The embedded copy of zlib has been upgraded to version 1.2.8 and is now installed as a shared library where supported.
Debug settings for the sudo front end and sudoers plugin are now configured separately.
Multiple sudo.conf Debug entries may now be specified per program (or plugin).
The plugin API has been extended such that the path to the plugin that was loaded is now included in the settings array. This path can be used to register with the debugging subsystem. The debug_flags setting is now prefixed with a file name and may be specified multiple times if there is more than one matching Debug setting in sudo.conf.
The sudoers regression tests now run with the locale set to C since some of the tests compare output that includes locale-specific messages. Bug #672.
Fixed a bug where sudo would not run commands on Linux when compiled with audit support if audit is disabled. Bug #671.
Added __BASH_FUNC< to the environment blacklist to match Apple's syntax for newer-style bash functions.
The default password prompt now includes a trailing space after "Password:" for consistency with su(1) on most systems. Bug #663.
Fixed a problem on DragonFly BSD where SIGCHLD could be ignored, preventing sudo from exiting. Bug #676.

Major changes between version 1.8.11rc2 and 1.8.11rc1:

On AIX, shell scripts without a #! magic number are now passed to /usr/bin/sh, not /usr/bin/bsh. This is consistent with what the execvp() function on AIX does and matches historic sudo behavior. Bug #661.
Fixed a cross-compilation problem building mksiglist and mksigname. Bug #662.

Major changes between version 1.8.11rc1 and 1.8.11b4:

Fixed a hang when a sudoers source is listed more than once in a single sudoers nsswitch.conf entry.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.11b4 and 1.8.11b3:

Fixed compilation on systems without openpty(), _getpty() or grantpt().
Removed SUDO_CONV_DEBUG_MSG from the supported plugin conversation message types. It was only used by the sudoers plugin and is no longer needed now that there is a single instance of the sudo debug functions.
Sudo debug calls now avoid using malloc() when possible.

Major changes between version 1.8.11b3 and 1.8.11b2:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Fixes for compilation problems with the HP C Compiler.
Changes to the sudo event loop to make it more resilient.

Major changes between version 1.8.11b2 and 1.8.11b1:

New files created via sudoedit as a non-root user now have the proper group id. Bug #656.
Sudoedit now works correctly in conjunction with sudo's SELinux RBAC support. Temporary files are now created with the proper security context.
The sudo I/O logging plugin API has been updated. If a logging function returns an error, the command will be terminated and all of the plugin's logging functions will be disabled. If a logging function rejects the command's output it will no longer be displayed to the user's terminal.

Major changes between version 1.8.11b1 and 1.8.10p3:

The sudoers plugin no longer uses setjmp/longjmp to recover from fatal errors. All errors are now propagated to the caller via return codes.
When running a command in the background, sudo will now forward SIGINFO to the command (if supported).
Sudo will now use the system versions of the sha2 functions from libc or libmd if available.
Visudo now works correctly on GNU Hurd. Bug #647.
Fixed suspend and resume of curses programs on some system when the command is not being run in a pseudo-terminal. Bug #649.
Fixed a crash with LDAP-based sudoers on some systems when Kerberos was enabled.
Sudo now includes optional Solaris audit support.
Catalan translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
Norwegian Bokmaal translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
Greek translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
The sudo source tree has been reorganized to more closely resemble that of other gettext-enabled packages.
Sudo and its associated programs now link against a shared version of libsudo_util. The --disable-shared-libutil configure option may be used to force static linking if the --enable-static-sudoers option is also specified.
The passwords in ldap.conf and ldap.secret may now be encoded in base64.
Audit updates. SELinux role changes are now audited. For sudoedit, we now audit the actual editor being run, instead of just the sudoedit command.
Fixed bugs in the man page post-processing that could cause portions of the manuals to be removed.
Fixed a crash in the system_group plugin. Bug #653.
Fixed sudoedit on platforms without a native version of the getprogname() function. Bug #654.
Fixed compilation problems with some pre-C99 compilers.
Fixed sudo's -C option which was broken in version 1.8.9.
It is now possible to match an environment variable's value as well as its name using env_keep and env_check. This can be used to preserve bash functions which would otherwise be removed from the environment.

Major changes between version 1.8.10rc3 and 1.8.10rc2:

Catalan translation for sudo and Czech translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
The JSON format used by "visudo -x" now properly supports the negation operator. In addition, the Options object is now the same for both Defaults and Cmnd_Specs.

Major changes between version 1.8.10rc2 and 1.8.10rc1:

Serbian translation for sudoers from translationproject.org.
When exporting sudoers in JSON format, visudo now uses the same type of Options object for both Defaults and Cmnd_Specs.
Fixed the conversion of the timestamp_timeout from double to struct timespec when it contains fractional seconds.

Major changes between version 1.8.10rc1 and 1.8.10b4:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Sudo is once again able to open the sudoers file when the group on sudoers doesn't match the expected value, so long as the file is not group writable.
Sudo now installs an init.d script to clear the time stamp directory at boot time on AIX and HP-UX systems. These systems either lack /var/run or do not clear it on boot.

Major changes between version 1.8.10b4 and 1.8.10b3:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Fixed a hang (infinite stack recursion) in the getenv() hook on HP-UX when sudo was built with gcc and linked with the LDAP libraries.

Major changes between version 1.8.10b3 and 1.8.10b2:

LDAP-based sudoers now uses a default search filter of (objectClass=sudoRole) for more efficient queries. The netgroup query has been modified to avoid falling below the minimum length for OpenLDAP substring indices.
The new "use_netgroups" sudoers option can be used to explicitly enable or disable netgroups support. For LDAP-based sudoers, netgroup support requires an expensive substring match on the server. If netgroups are not needed, this option can be disabled to reduce the load on the LDAP server.

Major changes between version 1.8.10b2 and 1.8.10b1:

If sudo was started in the background and needed to prompt for a password, it was not possible to suspend it at the password prompt. This now works properly.

Major changes between version 1.8.10b1 and 1.8.9:

It is now possible to disable network interface probing in sudo.conf by changing the value of the probe_interfaces setting.
When listing a user's privileges (sudo -l), the sudoers plugin will now prompt for the user's password even if the targetpw, rootpw or runaspw options are set.
The sudoers plugin uses a new format for its time stamp files. Each user now has a single file which may contain multiple records when per-tty time stamps are in use (the default). The time stamps use a monotonic timer where available and are once again located in a directory under /var/run. The lecture status is now stored separately from the time stamps in a different directory.
sudo's -K option will now remove all of the user's time stamps, not just the time stamp for the current terminal. The -k option can be used to only disable time stamps for the current terminal.

Major changes between version 1.8.9rc2 and 1.8.9rc1:

Fixed a bug where sudoedit would not update the original file from the temporary when PAM or I/O logging is not enabled.
Fixed restoration of the close-on-exec flag when moving a relocated fd back into its original position. Problem introduced in 1.8.9rc1.
Repair reading of the I/O log sequence number that got broken when stricter strtoul() checks were added in 1.8.9b2.
When recycling I/O logs, the log files are now truncated properly.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.
The configure script will now use -fstack-protector-strong when the compiler supports it.

Major changes between version 1.8.9rc1 and 1.8.9b2:

The locale is now set correctly again for visudo and sudoreplay.
The plugin API has been extended to allow the plugin to exclude specific file descriptors from the "closefrom" range.

Major changes between version 1.8.9b2 and 1.8.9b1:

Added a workaround for a Solaris-specific problem with NOEXEC overriding traditional root DAC behavior. Bug #626.
Add user netgroup filtering for SSSD. Previously, rules for a netgroup were applied to all even when they did not belong to the specified netgroup. RedHat Bugzilla #880150.
Better range checking when parsing numbers in string form.
On systems with BSD login classes, if the user specified a group (not a user) to run the command as, it was possible to specify a different login class even when the command was not run as the super user.
closefrom() emulation on Mac OS X now uses /dev/fd if possible.
The new visudo -x option now takes a file name argument.

Major changes between version 1.8.9b1 and 1.8.8:

Custom linked list and tail queues have been replaced with BSD queue.h versions.
Reworked sudo's main event loop to use a simple event subsystem using poll(2) or select(2) as the back end.
It is now possible to statically compile the sudoers plugin into the sudo binary without disabling shared library support. The sudo.conf file may still be used to configure other plugins.
Sudo can be compiled again with a C preprocessor that does not support variadic macros.
Visudo can now export a sudoers file in JSON format.
Portability fixes for Tru64 UNIX and HP-UX.
Fixes bugs #621, #622, #623, #624

Major changes between version 1.8.8rc1 and 1.8.8b3:

Updated translations from translationproject.org.
In sudoreplay's list mode the this qualifier now works a bit better. There is still a lot of room for improvment in the way relative dates are parsed.

Major changes between version 1.8.8b3 and 1.8.8b2:

Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.7 where the indexes written to the timing file were incorrect. Sudoreplay includes a work around for replaying files written by sudo 1.8.7.

Major changes between version 1.8.8b2 and 1.8.8b1:

French translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
Sudo's noexec support on Mac OS X 10.4 and above now uses dynamic symbol interposition instead of setting DYLD_FORCE_FLAT_NAMESPACE=1 which causes issues with some programs.
Fixed visudo's -q (--quiet) flag, broken in sudo 1.8.6.
Root may no longer change its SELinux role without entering a password.

Major changes between version 1.8.8b1 and 1.8.7:

Removed a warning on PAM systems with stacked auth modules where the first module on the stack does not succeed.
Sudo, sudoreplay and visudo now support GNU-style long options.
The -h (--host) option may now be used to specify a host name. This is currently only used by the sudoers plugin in conjunction with the -l (--list) option.
Program usage messages and manual SYNOPSIS sections have been simplified.
Sudo's LDAP SASL support now works properly with Kerberos. Previously, the SASL library was unable to locate the user's credential cache.
It is now possible to set the nproc resource limit to unlimited via pam_limits on Linux (bug #565).
New pam_service and pam_login_service sudoers options that can be used to specify the PAM service name to use.
New pam_session and pam_setcred sudoers options that can be used to disable PAM session and credential support.
The sudoers plugin now properly supports UIDs and GIDs that are larger than 0x7fffffff on 32-bit platforms.
Fixed a visudo bug introduced in sudo 1.8.7 where per-group Defaults entries would cause an internal error.
If the tty_tickets sudoers option is enabled (the default), but there is no tty present, sudo will now use a ticket file based on the parent process ID. This makes it possible to support the normal timeout behavior for the session.
Fixed a problem running commands that change their process group and then attempt to change the terminal settings when not running the command in a pseudo-terminal. Previously, the process would receive SIGTTOU since it was effectively a background process. Sudo will now grant the child the controlling tty and continue it when this happens.
The closefrom_override sudoers option may now be used in a command-specified Defaults entry (bug #610).
Sudo's BSM audit support now works on Solaris 11.
Brazilian Portuguese translation for sudo and sudoers from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.7rc4 and 1.8.7rc3:

Sudo now only builds Position Independent Executables (PIE) by default on Linux systems and verifies that a trivial test program builds and runs.
On Solaris 11.1 and higher, sudo binaries will now have the ASLR tag enabled if supported by the linker.

Major changes between version 1.8.7rc3 and 1.8.7rc2:

Fixed a problem resolving the tty name on file systems that return DT_UNKNOWN for the d_type field in struct dirent.

Major changes between version 1.8.7rc2 and 1.8.7rc1:

Quiet a few -Wunused-result compiler warnings.
Position independent executables appear to be broken on FreeBSD/arm so imply --disable-pie on that platform.
Sudoers no longer stores the tty's ctime in the tty-specific time stamp file on Linux systems using devpts. In the past, the ctime never changed on devpts device nodes but newer Linux kernels follow POSIX and update the ctime.

Major changes between version 1.8.7rc1 and 1.8.7b3:

Updated translations and minor documentation tweaks.

Major changes between version 1.8.7b3 and 1.8.7b2:

The paths to ldap.conf and ldap.secret may now be specified in sudo.conf as arguments to the sudoers plugin.
When the process has no controlling tty, sudo no longer checks to see if the parent process has a tty. If the process has disassociated from its tty it is better to just treat the tty as "unknown".
Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Documentation updates.

Major changes between version 1.8.7b2 and 1.8.7b1:

New support for specifying a SHA-2 digest along with the command in sudoers. Supported hash types are sha224, sha256, sha384 and sha512. See the description of Digest_Spec in the sudoers manual or the description of sudoCommand in the sudoers.ldap manual for details.

Major changes between version 1.8.7b1 and 1.8.6p7:

The non-Unix group plugin is now supported when sudoers data is stored in LDAP.
Sudo now uses a workaround for a locale bug on Solaris 11.0 that prevents setuid programs like sudo from fully using locales.
User messages are now always displayed in the user's locale, even when the same message is being logged or mailed in a different locale.
Log files created by sudo now explicitly have the group set to group ID 0 rather than relying on BSD group semantics (which may not be the default).
A new exec_background sudoers option can be used to initially run the command without read access to the terminal when running a command in a pseudo-tty. If the command tries to read from the terminal it will be stopped by the kernel (via SIGTTIN or SIGTTOU) and sudo will immediately restart it as the forground process (if possible). This allows sudo to only pass terminal input to the program if the program actually is expecting it. Unfortunately, a few poorly-behaved programs (like "su" on most Linux systems) do not handle SIGTTIN and SIGTTOU properly.
Sudo now uses an efficient group query to get all the groups for a user instead of iterating over every record in the group database on HP-UX and Solaris.
Sudo now produces better error messages when there is an error in the sudo.conf file.
Two new settings have been added to sudo.conf to give the admin better control of how group database queries are performed. The group_source setting specifies how the group list for a user will be determined. Legal values are static (use the kernel groups list), dynamic (perform a group database query) and adaptive (only perform a group database query if the kernel list is full). The max_groups specifies the maximum number of groups a user may belong to when performing a group database query.
The sudo.conf file now supports line continuation by using a backslash as the last character on the line.
There is now a standalone sudo.conf manual page.
Sudo now stores its libexec files in a sudo subdirectory instead of in libexec itself. For backwards compatibility, if the plugin is not found in the default plugin directory, sudo will check the parent directory if the default directory ends in "/sudo".
The sudoers I/O logging plugin now logs the terminal size.
A new sudoers option maxseq can be used to limit the number of I/O log entries that are stored.
The system_group and group_file sudoers group provider plugins are now installed by default.
The list output (sudo -l) output from the sudoers plugin is now less ambiguous when an entry includes different runas users. The long list output (sudo -ll) for file-based sudoers is now more consistent with the format of LDAP-based sudoers.
A uid may now be used in the sudoRunAsUser attributes for LDAP sudoers.
Minor plugin API change: the close and version functions are now optional. If the policy plugin does not provide a close function and the command is not being run in a new pseudo-tty, sudo may now execute the command directly instead of in a child process.
A new sudoers option pam_session can be used to disable sudo's PAM session support.
On HP-UX systems, sudo will now use the pstat() function to determine the tty instead of ttyname().
Turkish translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
Dutch translation for sudo and sudoers from translationproject.org.
Tivoli Directory Server client libraries may now be used with HP-UX where libibmldap has a hidden dependency on libCsup.
The sudoers plugin will now ignore invalid domain names when checking netgroup membership. Some Linux systems use the string "(none)" for the NIS-style domain name instead of an empty string.

Major changes between version 1.8.6rc3 and 1.8.6rc2:

Use sig2str() to convert a signal number to a name if available.
Use fseeko() instead of fseek*() in legacy utmp handling if available.

Major changes between version 1.8.6rc2 and 1.8.6rc1:

Fixed a race condition that could cause sudo to receive SIGTTOU (and stop) when resuming a shell that was run via sudo when I/O logging (and use_pty) is not enabled.
Sending SIGTSTP directly to the sudo process will now suspend the running command when I/O logging (and use_pty) is not enabled.

Major changes between version 1.8.6rc1 and 1.8.6b4:

Fixed a crash introduced in 1.8.4b4 when the matching entry in sudoers lacks a Runas_Spec.
Visudo will now warn about unknown Defaults entries that are per-host, per-user, per-runas or per-command.
Updated translations from translationproject.org.
Avoid printing an error message in yyerror() if we are unable to open a file included by sudoers, the message is already displayed by open_sudoers().
Modified yyerror() so that tokenizer regress tests pass again.
The sudo manual page now contains a COMMAND EXECUTION section that describes how sudo runs the command, the extra sudo processes and signal handling.

Major changes between version 1.8.6b4 and 1.8.6b3:

New support for Solaris privilege sets. This makes it possible to specify fine-grained privileges in the sudoers file on Solaris 10 and above. A Runas_Spec that contains no Runas_Lists can be used to give a user the ability to run a command as themselves but with an expanded privilege set.
Fixed a problem with the reboot and shutdown commands on some systems (such as HP-UX and BSD). On these systems, reboot sends all processes (except itself) SIGTERM. When sudo received SIGTERM, it would relay it to the reboot process, thus killing reboot before it had a chance to actually reboot the system.
Support for using the System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) as a source of sudoers data.
Slovenian translation for sudo and sudoers from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.6b3 and 1.8.6b2:

If a user fails to authenticate and the command would be rejected by sudoers, it is now logged with command not allowed instead of N incorrect password attempts. Likewise, the mail_no_perms sudoers option now takes precedence over mail_badpass
The sudo manuals are now formatted in mdoc. Versions using the legacy man macros are provided for systems that lack mdoc.

Major changes between version 1.8.6b2 and 1.8.6b1:

Worked around an issue with libtool removing the -fstack-protector flag when linking.
Sudo is now built as a position independent executable (PIE) if there is compiler and linker support for it. This may be disabled using the --disable-pie configure option.

Major changes between version 1.8.6b1 and 1.8.5p2:

Sudo is now built with the -fstack-protector flag if the the compiler supports it. Also, the -zrelro linker flag is used if supported. The --disable-hardening configure option can be used to build sudo without stack smashing support.
If the user is a member of the exempt group in sudoers, they will no longer be prompted for a password even if the -k flag is specified with the command. This makes sudo -k command consistent with the behavior one would get if the user ran sudo -k immediately before running the command.
The sudoers file may now be a symbolic link. Previously, sudo would refuse to read sudoers unless it was a regular file.
The sudoreplay command can now properly replay sessions where no tty was present.
The sudoers plugin now takes advantage of symbol visibility controls when supported by the compiler or linker. As a result, only a small number of symbols are exported which significantly reduces the chances of a conflict with other shared objects.
Improved support for the Tivoli Directory Server LDAP client libraries. This includes support for using LDAP over SSL (ldaps) as well as support for the BIND_TIMELIMIT, TLS_KEY and TLS_CIPHERS ldap.conf options. A new ldap.conf option, TLS_KEYPW can be used to specify a password to decrypt the key database.
When constructing a time filter for use with LDAP sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter attributes, the current time now includes tenths of a second. This fixes a problem with timed entries on Active Directory.

Major changes between version 1.8.5rc5 and 1.8.5rc4:

Fixed an alignment problem in the password caching on NetBSD platforms with strict aligment constraints.
Fixed a crash on Solaris SPARC when the signal handler is invoked with a NULL siginfo_t pointer.

Major changes between version 1.8.5rc4 and 1.8.5rc3:

Updated translations from translationproject.org
Implemented RTLD_DEFAULT, and RTLD_SELF and RTLD_NEXT emulation for HP-UX.
Added the system_group group provider plugin for people who need to look up groups by name rather than by group ID.

Major changes between version 1.8.5rc3 and 1.8.5rc2:

The policy plugin's init_session function is now called by the parent sudo process, not the child process that executes the command. This allows the PAM session to be open and closed in the same process, which some PAM modules require.
The PAM credentials set during PAM session setup are now deleted when the PAM session is closed.
Setting the SSL parameter to start_tls in ldap.conf now works properly when using Mozilla-based SDKs that support the ldap_start_tls_s() function.
The TLS_CHECKPEER parameter in ldap.conf now works when the Mozilla NSS crypto backend is used with OpenLDAP.

Major changes between version 1.8.5rc2 and 1.8.5rc1:

On Solaris, and possibly other SV4-derived systems, sudo now uses the minor() function prototyped in mkdev.h instead of the obsolete macro present in sysmacros.h.

Major changes between version 1.8.5rc1 and 1.8.5b8:

The Linux tty lookup code now uses the /proc/pid/stat file if possible.
New Croatian and Galician translations from translationproject.org
The process id, parent process id, process group id, session id and terminal process group id are now passed in to the plugin.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b8 and 1.8.5b7:

Check for SVR4-style struct psinfo.pr_ttydev and use that to determine the tty if stdin/stdout/stderr are not ttys.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b7 and 1.8.5b6:

Sudo now behaves better when select() fails due to the pty being revoked. An error of EIO (seen on older versions of Solaris) from select() is now treated the same as EBADF.
Sudo now opens devices in non-blocking mode when trying to determine the user's terminal.
Fixed the AIX-specific permission setting code.
The -k option may now be specified along with the -i or -s options.
Don't do tilde or brace expansion when glob() is in use. This matches the historic behavior when fnmatch() was used.
Fixed printing of the TSID field in sudoreplay -l output.
The process ID is now included in the debug file output.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b6 and 1.8.5b5:

Sudo now behaves properly on systems that send SIGTSTP before SIGHUP when the user's pty is revoked. This can happen when the window the session is running in is killed.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b5 and 1.8.5b4:

Sudo can now detect when a user has logged out and back in again on Solaris 11 when tty-based time stamps are in use.
When debugging is enabled, calls to warning() or error() will now log the error string to the debug file. The function, file and line number are also logger for warning(), warningx(), error() and errorx().
Fixed a bug where sudo would exit before calling the plugin close function when select() returns an error due to the terminal device being invalidated when the session is closed. This can happen when the window the session is running in is killed.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b4 and 1.8.5b3:

Add execvpe(), exect(), posix_spawn() and posix_spawnp() wrappers to sudo_noexec.c.
Fix compat setutxent and endutxent macros for systems with setutent() but not setutxent().

Major changes between version 1.8.5b3 and 1.8.5b2:

Updated the bundled zlib to version 1.2.6.
If the "timestampowner" user cannot be resolved, use ROOT_UID instead of exiting with a fatal error.
Fixed compiler warnings on some platforms.
Fix parsing of Path askpass and Path noexec in sudo.conf.
The cancel button on an askpass GUI program now exits the password prompt loop on PAM systems.
When initializing the environment for env_reset, start out with the contents of /etc/environment on AIX and login.conf on BSD.
Swedish sudo and sudoers translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b2 and 1.8.5b1:

Fixed a potential double free exposed by changes in 1.8.5b1.

Major changes between version 1.8.5b1 and 1.8.4p4:

When noexec is enabled, sudo_noexec.so will now be prepended to any existing LD_PRELOAD variable instead of replacing it.
The user/group/mode checks on sudoers files have been relaxed. As long as the file is owned by the sudoers uid, not world-writable and not writable by a group other than the sudoers gid, the file is considered OK. Note that visudo will still set the mode to the value specified at configure time.
It is now possible to specify the sudoers path, uid, gid and file mode as options to the plugin in the sudo.conf file.
Lithuanian and Vietnamese translations from translationproject.org.
/etc/environment is no longer read directly on Linux systems when PAM is used. Sudo now merges the PAM environment into the user's environment which is typically set by the pam_env module.
The plugin API has been extended in three ways. First, options specified in sudo.conf after the plugin pathname are passed to the plugin's open function. Second, sudo has limited support for hooks that can be used by plugins. Currently, the hooks are limited to environment handling functions. Third, the init_session policy plugin function is passed a pointer to the user environment which can be updated during session setup. The plugin API version has been incremented to version 1.2. See the sudo_plugin manual for more information.

Major changes between version 1.8.4rc1 and 1.8.4rc2:

Fixed the sudoers permission check when the expected sudoers mode is owner-writable.
Better configure check for PAM headers and libraries.
New sudo Spanish translation from translationproject.org.
Normally, sudo disables core dumps while it is running. This behavior can now be modified at run time with a line in sudo.conf like Set disable_coredumps false.
The "noexec" functionality works once again on AIX 5.3 and above. A change in sudo 1.8.1p2 prevented it from working.
The sudo process on AIX will now show up in ps as being owned by root, not the invoking user.

Major changes between version 1.8.4b5 and 1.8.4rc1:

Fixed a problem with "sudo -g group" on FreeBSD where the kernel stores the effective gid as the first entry in the supplemental group list.
The NOEXEC option now works when an SELinux role is specified.
Fixed a race condition introduced in 1.8.4b1 when I/O logging is abled that resulted in the exit value to usually be 1 instead of the command's actual exit value.
Fixed a potential off-by-one when making a copy of the environment for LD_PRELOAD insertion.
sudo is now built with _FORTIFY_SOURCE enabled where supported.

Major changes between version 1.8.4b4 and 1.8.4b5:

"make check" will now only run the compat regress tests for compat objects we actually build and not test the system versions.
Fixed a regression introduced in 1.8.4b1 that caused a problem with pipelines when I/O logging is not enabled.

Major changes between version 1.8.4b3 and 1.8.4b4:

No longer prepend "/dev/" to the devicename if devname() returns a fully-qualified pathname. This should never happen.
The packages now include the parent directories in case they don't already exist. This fixes a directory permissions problem with the AIX package when the /usr/local directories don't already exist.

Major changes between version 1.8.4b2 and 1.8.4b3:

The full path to the controlling terminal is once again passed to the plugin on BSD systems. This was broken in sudo 1.8.3b2.
The output of "visudo -c" now lists any include files that were checked. Previously, only the main sudoers file was listed.

Major changes between version 1.8.4b1 and 1.8.4b2:

On BSD systems the controlling terminal is now determined via sysctl() when possible. This usually allows sudo to find the tty name even when standard input, output and error are redirected to /dev/null.
Fixed a compilation error on FreeBSD.
The testsudoers program now uses the debugging framework.
Updated Esperanto, Finnish, Polish and Ukrainian translations from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.3p1 and 1.8.4b1:

The -D flag in sudo has been replaced with a more general debugging framework that is configured in sudo.conf.
Fixed a false positive in visudo strict mode when aliases are in use.
Fixed a crash with "sudo -i" when a runas group was specified without a runas user.
The line on which a syntax error is reported in the sudoers file is now more accurate. Previously it was often off by a line.
Fixed a bug where stack garbage could be printed at the end of the lecture when the "lecture_file" option was enabled.
"make install" now honors the LINGUAS environment variable.
The #include and #includedir directives in sudoers now support relative paths. If the path is not fully qualified it is expected to be located in the same directory of the sudoers file that is including it.
Serbian translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
LDAP-based sudoers may now access by group ID in addition to group name.
visudo will now fix the mode on the sudoers file even if no changes are made unless the -f option is specified.
The "use_loginclass" sudoers option works properly again.
On systems that use login.conf, "sudo -i" now sets environment variables based on login.conf.
For LDAP-based sudoers, values in the search expression are now escaped as per RFC 4515.
The plugin close function is now properly called when a login session is killed (as opposed to the actual command being killed). This can happen when an ssh session is disconnected or the terminal window is closed.
The deprecated "noexec_file" sudoers option is no longer supported.
Fixed a race condition when I/O logging is not enabled that could result in tty-generated signals (e.g. control-C) being received by the command twice.
If none of the standard input, output or error are connected to a tty device, sudo will now check its parent's standard input, output or error for the tty name on systems with /proc. This allow tty-based tickets to work properly even when, e.g. standard input, output and error are redirected to /dev/null.
Added the --enable-kerb5-instance configure option to allow people using Kerberos V authentication to specify a custom instance so the principal name can be, e.g. "username/sudo" similar to how ksu uses "username/root".
Fixed a bug where a pattern like "/usr/*" included /usr/bin/ in the results, which would be incorrectly be interpreted as if the sudoers file had specified a directory.

Major changes between version 1.8.3rc4 and 1.8.3rc5:

Added new Japanese translation from translationproject.org.
The LOGNAME, USER and USERNAME environment variables are preserved correctly again in sudoedit mode.
The group list is now reallocated correctly when the initial size guess is too small.

Major changes between version 1.8.3rc3 and 1.8.3rc4:

Sudo will now work correctly with LDAP-based sudoers using TLS or SSL on Debian systems.

Major changes between version 1.8.3rc2 and 1.8.3rc3:

A symbol conflict with the pam_ssh_agent_auth PAM module that would cause a crash been resolved.
The inability to load a group provider plugin is no longer a fatal error.
A potential crash in the utmp handling code has been fixed.
Two PAM session issues have been resolved. In previous versions of sudo, the PAM session was opened as one user and closed as another. Additionally, if no authentication was performed, the PAM session would never be closed.
Added new Italian translation from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.3rc1 and 1.8.3rc2:

Added Italian translation for sudo from translationproject.org.
Updated TROUBLESHOOTING file to match the current state of things.
Fixes namespace collision that caused a crash with pam_ssh_agent_auth.
Fixed some warnings on FreeBSD.

Major changes between version 1.8.2 and 1.8.3rc1:

Fixed expansion of strftime() escape sequences in the log_dir sudoers setting.
Added new Esperanto translation from translationproject.org.
Sudo will now use PAM by default on AIX 6 and higher.
Added --enable-werror configure option for gcc's -Werror flag.
Visudo no longer assumes all editors support the +linenumber command line argument. It now uses a whitelist of editors known to support the option.
Fixed matching of network addresses when a netmask is specified but the address is not the first one in the CIDR block.
The configure script now check whether or not errno.h declares the errno variable. Previously, sudo would always declare errno itself for older systems that don't declare it in errno.h.
The NOPASSWD tag is now honored for denied commands too, which matches historic sudo behavior (prior to sudo 1.7.0).
Sudo now honors the DEREF setting in ldap.conf which controls how alias dereferencing is done during an LDAP search.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc11 and 1.8.2rc12:

Fixed a problem with the AIX authentication support that could prevent a user from authenticating.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc10 and 1.8.2rc11:

Regenerated configure with autoconf 2.68 and libtool 2.4.
Rename libsudoers convenience library to libparsesudoers to avoid libtool confusion.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc9 and 1.8.2rc10:

New Danish sudoers translation from translationproject.org.
Updated Finish, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian translations from translationproject.org.
The runas_default setting in LDAP-enabled sudoers works correctly again when specified in a sudoRole other than defaults. This stopped working in sudo 1.7.0.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc8 and 1.8.2rc9:

Added new Russian sudo translation and updated Chinese (simplified), Finish, Polish and Ukranian translations from translationproject.org.
The sudo front end now escapes the command args for "sudo -i" and "sudo -s" before calling the plugin instead of after. Otherwise, spaces in the command args cannot be handled properly. The sudoers plugin will unescape non- spaces to make matching easier.
Fixed some potential problems found by the clang static analyzer, none serious.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc7 and 1.8.2rc8:

Updated Polish translation from translationproject.org.
Fixed a crash in the sudoers plugin when trying to run a command as a non-existent user if Linux audit support is enabled.
The fallback group matching code in sudoers is no longer needed and has been removed.
On Mac OS X, getgrouplist() is used by the sudo front-end to get the invoking user's group list instead of getgroups(). As a result, the sudoers plugin no longer needs to use mbr_check_membership() as group matching can be done by name instead.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc6 and 1.8.2rc7:

New Polish translation from translationproject.org.
Several fixes have been made to the new group matching code in sudoers.
sudo -i command now works correctly with bash version 2.x at the expense of bash 1.x support.
Fixed an off-by-one error introduced in the new word wrap code for file logging.
RHEL 4 packages are no longer built with --with-pam-login since we don't ship an /etc/pam.d/sudo-i file for that release.
Fixed a build error when the --without-noexec configure option is specified.
The "noexec" feature is now disabled by default for AIX 4.x and lower; LDR_PRELOAD support is only available in AIX 5.3 and above.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc5 and 1.8.2rc6:

When matching groups in the sudoers file, sudo will now match based on the name of the group instead of the group ID. This can substantially reduce the number of group lookups for sudoers files that contain a large nummber of groups.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc4 and 1.8.2rc5:

sudo -i command now works correctly with the bash shell. Previously, the .bash_profile would not be sourced prior to running the command unless bash was built with NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS enabled. Many Linux distributions build bash with this option enabled.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc3 and 1.8.2rc4:

The use_pty sudoers option is now correctly passed back to the sudo front end. This was missing in previous versions of sudo 1.8 which prevented use_pty from being honored.
New Danish translation and updated Chinese (simplified) translation from translationproject.org.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc2 and 1.8.2rc3:

The SHELL environment variable is now preserved by default when sudo -s is run.
When installing /etc/sudoers via binary package on non-RPM and non-Debian systems, the owner and mode are now set explicitly in the postinstall script instead of relying on "cp -p". On AIX 6.1 at least, the postinstall script runs before permissions are set on files in the root part of the package.
Locale files are now removed by "make uninstall".
Added Basque translation from translationproject.org and updated Finish and Ukranian translations.
Plugins are now loaded with RTLD_GLOBAL instead of RTLD_LOCAL. This fixes problems with, e.g., PAM modules not having access to symbols provided by libpam on some platforms. Affects FreeBSD and SLES at least.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc1 and 1.8.2rc2:

Sudo now includes NLS translations for Finish, Ukrainian and simplified Chinese.
I/O logging is now supported for commands run in background mode (using sudo's -b flag).
Visudo now checks the contents of an alias and warns about cycles when the alias is expanded.
If the user specifes a group via sudo's -g option that matches the target user's group in the password database, it is now allowed even if no groups are present in the Runas_Spec.

Major changes between version 1.8.1 and 1.8.2rc1:

Added a workaround for a FreeBSD bug with dlopen() and non-standard PAM modules.
Sudo, visudo, sudoreplay and the sudoers plug-in now have natural language support (NLS). Sudo will use gettext(), if available, to display translated messages. This can be disabled by passing configure the --disable-nls option.
Group ownership of the sudoers file is only enforced when the file mode on sudoers allows group readability or writability.
The sudo Makefiles now have more complete dependencies which are automatically generated instead of being maintained manually.

Major changes between version 1.8.1rc1 and 1.8.1rc3:

Sudo now parses command line arguments before loading any plugins. This allows "sudo -V" or "sudo -h" to work even if there is a problem with sudo.conf
Plugins are now linked with the static version of libgcc to allow the plugin to run on a system where no shared libgcc is installed, or where it is installed in a different location.
Fixed the fnmatch and glob regress tests on non-BSD systems.
Fixed and documented the --with-plugindir configure option.
If there is an error making one of the subdirectories, make will now exit with an error instead of continuing.
Fixed shell warnings when --without-skey, --without-opie, --without-kerb4, --without-kerb5 or --without-SecurID were specified.
Sudoers and visudo versions now include the sudoers grammar version.
LDFLAGS is now honored in the plugin Makefile.in files.

Major changes between version 1.8.1b4 and 1.8.1rc1:

Fixed a bug introduced in sudo 1.8.1b2 on systems without a native isblank() function that prevented Defaults lines from parsing correctly.

Major changes between version 1.8.1b3 and 1.8.1b4:

The %#gid syntax is now fully functional and documented.
Fixed a build problem on HP-UX.
If there is an existing sudoers file, verify that it parses properly before installing sudo via make install.
The testsudoers utility now supports runas groups and has more useful return values.
Fixed a crash when unrecognized escapes were used in an iolog file or dir.
Removed redundant AIX-specified code when setting resource limits.

Major changes between version 1.8.1b2 and 1.8.1b3:

The sudoers parser now treats a newline in the middle of a double quoted string as an error unless a line continuation character was used. Previously, the text between the double quote and the newline was discarded.
Fixed a potential crash when a non-regular file (e.g. a directory) is present in an includedir.
When the -V flag is specified, the main sudo version is now printed even if the policy plugin cannot be initialized.
A uid or gid is now allowed in per-user and per-runas Defaults entries.
The sudoers parser now returns an error when an empty string is found where a word was expected.
Fixed printing of ALL in an Alias in testsudoers.

Major changes between version 1.8.1b1 and 1.8.1b2:

Whitespace is now allowed after the modifier in a Defaults entry. E.g. Defaults: username set_home
The sudoers parser now returns an error for a Defaults line that comes immediately after a line continuation character.
Additional sudoers parser regression tests.

Major changes between version 1.8.0 and 1.8.1b1:

A new LDAP setting, sudoers_search_filter, has been added to ldap.conf. This setting can be used to restrict the set of records returned by the LDAP query. Based on changes from Matthew Thomas.
White space is now permitted within a User_List when used in conjunction with a per-user Defaults definition.
Support for double-quoted words in the sudoers file has been fixed. The change in 1.7.5 for escaping the double quote character caused the double quoting to only be available at the beginning of an entry.
The fix for resuming a suspended shell in 1.7.5 caused problems with resuming non-shells on Linux. Sudo will now save the process group ID of the program it is running on suspend and restore it when resuming, which fixes both problems.
A bug that could result in corrupted output in sudo -l has been fixed.
Sudo will now create an entry in the utmp (or utmpx) file when allocating a pseudo-tty (e.g. when logging I/O). The "set_utmp" and "utmp_runas" sudoers file options can be used to control this. Other policy plugins may use the "set_utmp" and "utmp_user" entries in the command_info list.
The sudoers policy now stores the TSID field in the logs even when the "iolog_file" sudoers option is defined to a value other than %{sessid}. Previously, the TSID field was only included in the log file when the "iolog_file" option was set to its default value.
The sudoreplay utility now supports arbitrary session IDs. Previously, it would only work with the base-36 session IDs that the sudoers plugin uses by default.
Sudo now passes "run_shell=true" to the policy plugin in the settings list when sudo's -s command line option is specified. The sudoers policy plugin uses this to implement the "set_home" sudoers option which was missing from sudo 1.8.0.
The "noexec" functionality has been moved out of the sudoers policy plugin and into the sudo front-end, which matches the behavior documented in the plugin writer's guide. As a result, the path to the noexec file is now specified in the sudo.conf file instead of the sudoers file.
On Solaris 10, the PRIV_PROC_EXEC privilege is now used to implement the "noexec" feature. Previously, this was implemented via the LD_PRELOAD environment variable.
The exit values for "sudo -l", "sudo -v" and "sudo -l command" have been fixed in the sudoers policy plugin.
The sudoers policy plugin now passes the login class, if any, back to the sudo front-end.
The sudoers policy plugin was not being linked with requisite libraries in certain configurations.

Major changes between version 1.7.10rc5 and 1.7.10rc4:

Fixed a race condition that could cause sudo to receive SIGTTOU (and stop) when resuming a shell that was run via sudo when I/O logging (and use_pty) is not enabled.
Sending SIGTSTP directly to the sudo process will now suspend the running command when I/O logging (and use_pty) is not enabled.

Major changes between version 1.7.10rc4 and 1.7.10rc3:

Avoid printing an error message in yyerror() if we are unable to open a file included by sudoers, the message is already displayed by open_sudoers().
The sudo manuals are now formatted in mdoc. Versions using the legacy man macros are provided for systems that lack mdoc.
If a user fails to authenticate and the command would be rejected by sudoers, it is now logged with command not allowed instead of N incorrect password attempts. Likewise, the mail_no_perms sudoers option now takes precedence over mail_badpass
The sudo manuals are now formatted in mdoc. Versions using the legacy man macros are provided for systems that lack mdoc.
The sudo manual page now contains a COMMAND EXECUTION section that describes how sudo runs the command, the extra sudo processes and signal handling.
Fixed a problem with the reboot and shutdown commands on some systems (such as HP-UX and BSD). On these systems, reboot sends all processes (except itself) SIGTERM. When sudo received SIGTERM, it would relay it to the reboot process, thus killing reboot before it had a chance to actually reboot the system.
When constructing a time filter for use with LDAP sudoNotBefore and sudoNotAfter attributes, the current time now includes tenths of a second. This fixes a problem with timed entries on Active Directory.

Major changes between version 1.7.10rc3 and 1.7.10rc2:

Sudo is now built as a position independent executable (PIE) if there is compiler and linker support for it. This may be disabled using the --disable-pie configure option.

Major changes between version 1.7.10rc2 and 1.7.10b1:

The sudoreplay command can now properly replay sessions where no tty was present.
The sudoers plugin now takes advantage of symbol visibility controls when supported by the compiler or linker. As a result, only a small number of symbols are exported which significantly reduces the chances of a conflict with other shared objects.
Improved support for the Tivoli Directory Server LDAP client libraries. This includes support for using LDAP over SSL (ldaps) as well as support for the BIND_TIMELIMIT, TLS_KEY and TLS_CIPHERS ldap.conf options. A new ldap.conf option, TLS_KEYPW can be used to specify a password to decrypt the key database.
Fixed a crash introduced in version 1.7.7 when "sudo -s" is specified with a command.

Major changes between version 1.7.10b1 and 1.7.9p1:

Sudo is now built with the -fstack-protector flag if the the compiler supports it. Also, the -zrelro linker flag is used if supported. The --disable-hardening configure option can be used to build sudo without stack smashing support.
If the user is a member of the exempt group in sudoers, they will no longer be prompted for a password even if the -k flag is specified with the command. This makes sudo -k command consistent with the behavior one would get if the user ran sudo -k immediately before running the command.
The sudoers file may now be a symbolic link. Previously, sudo would refuse to read sudoers unless it was a regular file.
The user/group/mode checks on sudoers files have been relaxed. As long as the file is owned by the sudoers uid, not world-writable and not writable by a group other than the sudoers gid, the file is considered OK. Note that visudo will still set the mode to the value specified at configure time.
/etc/environment is no longer read directly on Linux systems when PAM is used. Sudo now merges the PAM environment into the user's environment which is typically set by the pam_env module.
The initial evironment created when env_reset is in effect now includes the contents of /etc/environment on AIX systems and the "setenv" and "path" entries from /etc/login.conf on BSD systems.
On systems with an SVR4-style /proc file system, the /proc/pid/psinfo file is now uses to determine the controlling terminal, if possible. This allows tty-based tickets to work properly even when, e.g. standard input, output and error are redirected to /dev/null.
The output of "sudoreplay -l" is now sorted by file name (or sequence number). Previously, entries were displayed in the order in which they were found on the file system.
Sudo now behaves properly when I/O logging is enabled and the controlling terminal is revoked (e.g. the running sshd is killed). Previously, sudo may have exited without calling the I/O plugin's close function which can lead to an incomplete I/O log.
Sudo can now detect when a user has logged out and back in again on Solaris 11, just like it can on Solaris 10.
The built-in zlib included with Sudo has been upgraded to version 1.2.6.
Setting the SSL parameter to start_tls in ldap.conf now works properly when using Mozilla-based SDKs that support the ldap_start_tls_s() function.
The TLS_CHECKPEER parameter in ldap.conf now works when the Mozilla NSS crypto backend is used with OpenLDAP.

Major changes between version 1.7.9b2 and 1.7.9rc1:

Fixed a race condition introduced in 1.7.9b1 when I/O logging is abled that resulted in the exit value to usually be 1 instead of the command's actual exit value.
sudo is now built with _FORTIFY_SOURCE enabled where supported.

Major changes between version 1.7.9b1 and 1.7.9b2:

Fixed a regression introduced in 1.7.9b1 that caused a problem with pipelines when I/O logging is not enabled.
The packages now include the parent directories in case they don't already exist. This fixes a directory permissions problem with the AIX package when the /usr/local directories don't already exist.

Major changes between version 1.7.8 and 1.7.9b1:

Fixed a false positive in visudo strict mode when aliases are in use.
The line on which a syntax error is reported in the sudoers file is now more accurate. Previously it was often off by a line.
The #include and #includedir directives in sudoers now support relative paths. If the path is not fully qualified it is expected to be located in the same directory of the sudoers file that is including it.
visudo will now fix the mode on the sudoers file even if no changes are made unless the -f option is specified.
The "use_loginclass" sudoers option works properly again.
For LDAP-based sudoers, values in the search expression are now escaped as per RFC 4515.
Fixed a race condition when I/O logging is not enabled that could result in tty-generated signals (e.g. control-C) being received by the command twice.
If none of the standard input, output or error are connected to a tty device, sudo will now check its parent's standard input, output or error for the tty name on systems with /proc and BSD systems that support the KERN_PROC_PID sysctl. This allows tty-based tickets to work properly even when, e.g. standard input, output and error are redirected to /dev/null.
Fixed a bug where a pattern like "/usr/*" included /usr/bin/ in the results, which would be incorrectly be interpreted as if the sudoers file had specified a directory.
"visudo -c" will now list any include files that were checked in addition to the main sudoers file when everything parses OK.
Users that only have read-only access to the sudoers file may now run "visudo -c". Previously, write permissions were required even though no writing is down in check-only mode.

Major changes between version 1.7.8rc3 and 1.7.8rc5:

The LOGNAME, USER and USERNAME environment variables are preserved correctly again in sudoedit mode.

Major changes between version 1.7.8rc2 and 1.7.8rc3:

Two PAM session issues have been resolved. In previous versions of sudo, the PAM session was opened as one user and closed as another. Additionally, if no authentication was performed, the PAM session would never be closed.

Major changes between version 1.7.8rc1 and 1.7.8rc2:

Updated TROUBLESHOOTING file to match the current state of things.
Fixed some warnings on FreeBSD.
sudo -n -l now works correctly.

Major changes between version 1.7.7 and 1.7.8rc1:

Sudo will now use PAM by default on AIX 6 and higher.
Added --enable-werror configure option for gcc's -Werror flag.
Visudo no longer assumes all editors support the +linenumber command line argument. It now uses a whitelist of editors known to support the option.
Fixed matching of network addresses when a netmask is specified but the address is not the first one in the CIDR block.
The configure script now check whether or not errno.h declares the errno variable. Previously, sudo would always declare errno itself for older systems that don't declare it in errno.h.
The NOPASSWD tag is now honored for denied commands too, which matches historic sudo behavior (prior to sudo 1.7.0).
Sudo now honors the "DEREF" setting in ldap.conf which controls how alias dereferencing is done during an LDAP search.

Major changes between version 1.7.6p2 and 1.7.7rc1:

I/O logging is now supported for commands run in background mode (using sudo's -b flag).
Group ownership of the sudoers file is now only enforced when the file mode on sudoers allows group readability or writability.
Visudo now checks the contents of an alias and warns about cycles when the alias is expanded.
If the user specifes a group via sudo's -g option that matches the target user's group in the password database, it is now allowed even if no groups are present in the Runas_Spec.
sudo -i command now works correctly with the bash version 2.0 and higher. Previously, the .bash_profile would not be sourced prior to running the command unless bash was built with NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS defined.
Multi-factor authentication is now supported on AIX.
Added support for non-RFC 4517 compliant LDAP servers that require that seconds be present in a timestamp, such as Tivoli Directory Server.
If the group vector is to be preserved, the PATH search for the command is now done with the user's original group vector.
For LDAP-based sudoers, the runas_default sudoOption now works properly in a sudoRole that contains a sudoCommand.
Spaces in command line arguments for sudo -s and sudo -i are now escaped with a backslash when checking the sudoers file.

Major changes between version 1.7.6b3 and 1.7.6b4:

The %#gid syntax is now fully functional and documented.
If there is an existing sudoers file, verify that it parses properly before installing sudo via make install.
The testsudoers utility now supports runas groups and has more useful return values.
Removed redundant AIX-specified code when setting resource limits.

Major changes between version 1.7.6b2 and 1.7.6b3:

The sudoers parser now treats a newline in the middle of a double quoted string as an error unless a line continuation character was used. Previously, the text between the double quote and the newline was discarded.
Fixed a potential crash when a non-regular file (e.g. a directory) is present in an includedir.
A uid or gid is now allowed in per-user and per-runas Defaults entries.
The sudoers parser now returns an error when an empty string is found where a word was expected.
Fixed printing of ALL in an Alias in testsudoers.

Major changes between version 1.7.6b1 and 1.7.6b2:

Whitespace is now allowed after the modifier in a Defaults entry. E.g. Defaults: username set_home
The sudoers parser now returns an error for a Defaults line that comes immediately after a line continuation character.

Major changes between version 1.7.5 and 1.7.6b1:

A new LDAP setting, sudoers_search_filter, has been added to ldap.conf. This setting can be used to restrict the set of records returned by the LDAP query. Based on changes from Matthew Thomas.
White space is now permitted within a User_List when used in conjunction with a per-user Defaults definition.
Support for double-quoted words in the sudoers file has been fixed. The change in 1.7.5 for escaping the double quote character caused the double quoting to only be available at the beginning of an entry.
The fix for resuming a suspended shell in 1.7.5 caused problems with resuming non-shells on Linux. Sudo will now save the process group ID of the program it is running on suspend and restore it when resuming, which fixes both problems.
A bug that could result in corrupted output in "sudo -l" has been fixed.